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Overview
Textile quotas have been eradicated amongst WTO members on the first day of 2005 in accordance with the Settlement on Textiles and Clothes (ATC). Nonetheless, resistance to quota elimination unfold within the US and EU. Subsequently, China reached agreements with the EU and the US in June and November 2005 respectively. The China-US settlement, efficient from January 2006, governs the exports of a complete of 21 teams involving 34 classes of Chinese language textiles and clothes merchandise to the US throughout 2006-2008. The China-EU settlement, efficient from June 2005, covers 10 classes of Chinese language textiles and clothes exports to the EU throughout 2005-2007.
However, the mainland and Hong Kong agreed in October 2005 to additional liberalise the mainland marketplace for Hong Kong corporations beneath the third section of the Mainland and Hong Kong Nearer Financial Partnership Association (CEPA III). Together with different merchandise of Hong Kong origin, the mainland agreed to present all merchandise of Hong Kong origin, together with clothes objects, tariff-free remedy ranging from 1 January 2006. In keeping with the stipulated procedures, merchandise which haven’t any current CEPA guidelines of origin, will get pleasure from tariff-free remedy upon functions by native producers and upon the CEPA rule of origins being agreed and met.
Hong Kong clothes corporations are respected for ODM and OEM manufacturing. They can ship high quality clothes articles in brief lead time, as international importers and retailers request clothes suppliers to tighten up provide chain administration to make sure the ordered merchandise reaching the shop ground on the proper time. More and more, Hong Kong clothes corporations, the established ones specifically, have proven enthusiasm for model promotion.
Hong Kong’s whole exports of clothes rose year-on-year by 9% within the first 11 months of 2005. Whereas Hong Kong’s re-exports of clothes rose by 20%, home exports fell by 14%. Within the first 11 months of 2005, Hong Kong’s clothes exports to the US and EU rose by 11% and 18% respectively. Whereas Hong Kong’s clothes exports to Japan levelled off, these to the Chinese language mainland declined by 11%.
Business Options
The clothes trade is a serious manufacturing sector of Hong Kong. Its gross output is without doubt one of the highest amongst all manufacturing sectors, amounting to HK$35.9 billion in 2003. It’s the largest manufacturing employer in Hong Kong, with 1,673 institutions hiring 28,752 staff as of June 2005. It’s also the main earner by way of home exports, taking on 40% of the full within the first 11 months of 2005.
Hong Kong’s geographic boundary has by no means constrained the event of the forward-looking clothes trade. Nearly all of clothes producers have arrange offshore manufacturing services in an try to scale back operation prices. Relocation of manufacturing services offshore has nonetheless resulted in a gentle decline within the variety of clothes producers in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong will not be solely a number one manufacturing centre but additionally a hub for clothes sourcing globally. Firms doing garment commerce in Hong Kong are skilled in materials procurement, gross sales and advertising and marketing, high quality management, logistic preparations, clothes designs and worldwide and nationwide guidelines and rules. The professionalism that they command and the mixed companies supplied should not simply matched elsewhere. With a complete of 15,190 institutions hiring 95,889 staff, they type the most important group concerned in import-export commerce in Hong Kong.
Efficiency of Hong Kong’s Exports of Clothes
Hong Kong’s whole exports of clothes rose year-on-year by 9% within the first 11 months of 2005. Whereas Hong Kong’s re-exports of clothes rose by 20%, home exports fell by 14%. The contrasting efficiency of Hong Kong’s re-exports and home exports was mainly ascribed to the rising relocation of garment manufacturing to the Chinese language mainland, ensuing from the elimination of quotas beneath WTO’s Settlement on Textiles and Clothes (ATC). However the declining pattern of home exports has been reversed considerably in latest months, because of the re-imposition of quantitative restraints on mainland-made textiles and clothes by the US and EU.
Retail gross sales within the US held agency within the first 11 months of 2005, rising by almost 6% from the identical interval within the earlier 12 months. Within the first 11 months of 2005, Hong Kong’s clothes exports to the US rose year-on-year by 11%.
Within the first 11 months of 2005, Hong Kong’s whole clothes exports to the EU surged year-on-year by 18%. Clothes exports to main EU markets like France, Germany and Italy recorded development charges in extra of 20%.
However, Hong Kong’s clothes exports to Japan levelled off within the first 11 months of 2005 partly because of the pattern of direct cargo. On the again of the rising revenue nonetheless, Japanese customers are likely to resume their spending spree on premium clothes objects. In the meantime, Hong Kong’s clothes exports to the Chinese language mainland dropped by 11% within the first 11 months of 2005, in contrast with the identical interval final 12 months.
Product-wise, Hong Kong’s exports of woven put on rose by 12% within the first 11 months of 2005. Whereas woven put on for ladies/women grew by 13%, these for males/boys recorded a development of 8% from the identical interval within the earlier 12 months. Knitted put on grew by 2%, with ladies/women and males/boys rising by 1% and 6% respectively. Whereas clothes equipment declined by 3%, different attire articles, for his or her half, elevated by 13%.
Gross sales Channels
Hong Kong’s clothes producers have cast robust relationships with their prospects. They can perceive and cater for the preferences of very broad buyer bases. Exporters even have good data of worldwide and nationwide guidelines and rules governing clothes exports, reminiscent of guidelines of origin, quota restrictions, tariff charges and documentation necessities. Reduce, make and trim (CMT) preparations are frequent though many Hong Kong producers have moved to increased value-added actions reminiscent of design and model growth, high quality management, logistics and materials sourcing.
Just a few well-established native producers have entered into the retailing enterprise, both regionally or in abroad markets. A lot of them have retail networks in main cities around the globe together with Beijing, London, New York, San Francisco, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei and Tokyo. Some well-known manufacturing retailers embody Baleno, Bossini, Crocodile, Episode, Esprit, G-2000, Giordano, JEANSWEST, Moiselle and U-2.
As a worldwide sourcing hub in Asia, Hong Kong attracts numerous worldwide buying and selling homes and main retailers. Consumers sourcing from Hong Kong embody American and European department shops (e.g. Macy’s, JCPenney, Federated, Karstadt Quelle, C & A), low cost shops (e.g., Sears, Goal and Carrefour), specialty chains (e.g., The Hole, The Restricted) and mail order homes (e.g. Otto and Nice Common Shops). Many worldwide premium designer labels — reminiscent of Calvin Klein, Donna Karen, Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger and Yves Saint Laurent — supply garments in Hong Kong by their shopping for workplaces or different intermediaries.
Hong Kong’s trend designers have been gaining worldwide status for his or her skilled experience, sensitivity to present tendencies and talent to mix commercialism with innovation. Medium to high-priced trend clothes bearing Hong Kong designer labels is being offered/have been offered in famend division
shops abroad reminiscent of Bloomingdale’s, C & A, Harrod’s, Isetan, Macy’s, Marui, Mitsukoshi, Nieman Marcus and Seibu.
Commerce festivals and exhibitions stay frequent locations for consumers and suppliers of clothes to congregate. To ascertain connections and discover market alternatives, Hong Kong producers and merchants have concerned themselves actively in worldwide reveals led by the Hong Kong Commerce Improvement Council (TDC), together with those in Beijing, Chengdu, Dalian, Dubai, Dusseldorf, Hong Kong, Moscow, Mumbai, Paris and Tokyo. ‘Hong Kong Vogue Week’ is organised twice a 12 months and attracts worldwide suppliers and consumers to take part within the exhibition. Organised by TDC, ‘World Boutique, Hong Kong’ is the primary impartial occasion in Hong Kong devoted to selling designers’ assortment and types from around the globe.
Business Tendencies
Adjustments in retail panorama: Within the US and EU, large-scale retailers are present process drastic restructuring and consolidation, specifically, the rising prominence of hypermarkets reminiscent of Wal-Mart. To strengthen competitiveness, Sears and Kmart have merged to type the third largest retail group within the US.
Rising significance of personal labels: Personal labels, in essence, have turn out to be an more and more efficient advertising and marketing instrument amongst garment retailers. With the intention to differentiate in addition to improve the picture of their merchandise, main retailers have began to place a stronger emphasis on their very own labels. In keeping with Cotton Integrated, non-public labels accounted for 45% of whole US attire gross sales in 2003, up from 39% in 2001. In some grownup attire classes, reminiscent of skirts, non-public labels accounted for as excessive as 76% of the full gross sales. It’s also estimated that 45% of merchandise offered within the EU are offered beneath non-public labels. Famend retailers reminiscent of H&M, Marks & Spencer, Orsay, Palmers, Pimkie, Springfield and Kookai have owned their non-public labels. As customers need to have non-public labels on on a regular basis clothes like denims, equipment and T-shirts, the doorways are additionally open to the provision of those clothes objects to personal label homeowners.
Rising curiosity in China’s home market: The fast growth of mainland’s economic system has attracted nice curiosity of Hong Kong clothes corporations to discover its clothes market. A TDC survey on mainland’s garment buyers signifies that Hong Kong manufacturers are ranked primary by the respondents within the mid-range section. Whereas worldwide manufacturers are most most popular within the high-end section, mainland manufacturers dominate the low-end. As well as, the identical survey finds out that within the eyes of mainland customers, Hong Kong corporations are very robust in informal put on, as they’re usually of fine design and high quality. In essence, many mainland customers have developed a stronger consciousness of Hong Kong manufacturers by tour to and purchasing in Hong Kong. Subsequently, Hong Kong’s informal put on has efficiently projected a constructive picture to mainland customers.
CEPA
On 18 October 2005, the mainland and Hong Kong agreed to additional liberalise the mainland marketplace for Hong Kong corporations beneath the third section of the Mainland and Hong Kong Nearer Financial Partnership Association (CEPA III). Together with different merchandise of Hong Kong origin, the mainland agreed to present all merchandise of Hong Kong origin, together with clothes objects, tariff-free remedy ranging from 1 January 2006. In keeping with the stipulated procedures, merchandise which haven’t any current CEPA guidelines of origin, will get pleasure from tariff-free remedy upon functions by native producers and upon the CEPA rule of origins being agreed and met. However non-Hong Kong made clothes merchandise will stay topic to tariff charges of 10-25% when getting into the mainland.
The promulgated guidelines of origin for clothes objects to learn from CEPA’s tariff desire are mainly just like the present guidelines governing Hong Kong’s exports of those merchandise. Usually talking, the principal manufacturing technique of cut-and-sewn garment is stitching of components into clothes. If linking and/or stitching is/are required, such course of/processes should even be carried out in Hong Kong. For piece-knitted garment, whether it is manufactured from yarn, the principal course of is knitting of yarn into knit-to-shape panel.
If the piece-knitted garment is manufactured from knit-to-shape-panels, the principal course of is linking of knit-to-shape panels into garment. If stitching is required, it should even be carried out in Hong Kong.
Commerce Measures Affecting Exports of Clothes
In keeping with the ATC, textile quotas have been eradicated amongst WTO members on the first day of 2005. Nonetheless, resistance to quota elimination unfold within the US and EU. Significantly within the US, China-specific safeguards on 10 classes of clothes objects from China have been invoked. In opposition to this background, China reached agreements with the EU and the US in June and November 2005 respectively.
The China-US settlement, efficient from January 2006, governs the exports of a complete of 21 teams involving 34 classes of Chinese language textiles and clothes merchandise to the US throughout 2006-2008. It permits an annual development of 10-15% in 2006, 12.5-16% in 2007 and 15-17% in 2008. The China-EU settlement, efficient from June 2005, offers for an annual development of 8-12.5% in 10 classes of Chinese language textiles and clothes exports to the EU throughout 2005-2007. As well as, each EU and US agreed to train restraint in invoking China-specific safeguard in opposition to Chinese language textiles and clothes that aren’t coated within the agreements.
Product Tendencies
Formal Dressing: Whereas informal put on accounts for the majority of clothes gross sales, a common pattern in direction of stricter company gown codes has led to a rising demand for formal dressing, notably fits. In keeping with a survey by Cotton Integrated in late 2004/early 2005, 38.5% of respondents imagine that individuals dressed too casually at work. It is a 6.5 proportion level enhance over the identical year-ago.
Teenager: One of many main driving forces of clothes market seems to be the youngsters within the coming years. The variety of youngsters within the US expects to extend from 31.6 million in 2001 to 34.1 million in 2010. A latest survey by Teenage Analysis Limitless discovered that teenagers are saving cash by worth purchasing. Whereas JCPenney is their favorite division retailer, Goal and Wal-mart are their favorite hypermarkets. As well as, Previous Navy is their selections amongst specialty attire shops.
Silver Market: Ageing inhabitants turns into a standard phenomenon in lots of developed international locations in Europe in addition to Japan and the US. Aged individuals represent a serious market section referred to as ‘silver market’. Supported by financial savings, social safety advantages and pensions, many aged individuals have quite robust spending energy. It’s estimated that the age group of 65 12 months and above accounted for about 21% of Japan’s consumption expenditure in 2000. A survey carried out by the Japanese authorities additionally reveals that people who find themselves 60 years outdated and above possess virtually thrice the monetary belongings of these within the 40-50 age group. Within the US, these aged at or above 65 amounted to 18.1 million in 2001, and the quantity is predicted to swell to 26 million in 2015.
Plus-size Market: The plus-size market has been an space of development for a few years, and the pattern is predicted to proceed within the coming future. It’s estimated that 65 million ladies within the US put on dimension 14 or above. This group represents one-half of the US feminine inhabitants. It’s reported that some famend manufacturers have already responded to the pattern by providing merchandise of bigger dimension; these corporations embody Liz Claiborne, Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger.
Straightforward-care Garments: Garments manufactured from stain-resistant and wrinkle-free materials are properly acquired out there. It’s estimated that a couple of quarter of attire is now manufactured from easy-care materials, and its reputation is predicted to proceed within the subsequent few years. Whereas main attire manufacturers like Dockers and Liz Claiborne have already marketed extensively easy-care garments, main hypermarkets, like Wal-Mart, additionally supply extra merchandise of such high quality.
Supply: Hong Kong Commerce Improvement Council
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Source by Gaurav Doshi